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History of CGC HARRIET LANE
United States Revenue Cutter HARRIET LANE
(1858 - 1867)
HARRIET LANE, built for the Treasury Department by William U. Webb, was launched in New York City in November 1857. She served
as a revenue cutter until temporarily transferred to the Navy late in 1858. Her new assignment took her to Paraguay with a squadron ordered to support the
discussions of U.S. Special Commissioner James B. Bowlin with Dictator Carlos
Antonio Lopez concerning reparations for damages incurred during an unprovoked
attack on WATERWITCH by the Paraguayan
forces 1 February 1855. This display of sea power quickly won the
United States a prompt and respectful hearing which 4 years of diplomacy had
failed to obtain. Paraguay apologized, paid an indemnity to compensate the
family of an American seaman killed during the fight, and signed a new
commercial treaty containing provisions highly advantageous to the United
States. In his report Flag Officer W. B. Shubrick singled out HARRIET LANE
for special commendation on the invaluable service she rendered in
extricating his other ships repeatedly running aground in the treacherous waters
of the Parana River.
Returning to the United
States, HARRIET LANE resumed her former duties as a revenue cutter. In
September 1860 she embarked Edward Albert, the Prince of Wales, the first member
of the British Royal Family to visit the United States, for passage to Mount
Vernon where he planted a tree and placed a wreath on the tomb of George
Washington.
HARRIET LANE again transferred to the Navy 30 March 1861 for service in the expedition sent to Charleston Harbor, S.C., to supply the Fort Sumter garrison. She departed New York 8 April and arrived off Charleston 11 April. The next day she fired a shot across the bow of NASHVILLE when that merchantman appeared with no colors flying. NASHVILLE avoided further attack by promptly hoisting the United States ensign, but 2 days later raised the Palmetto flag to begin her career as one of the most elusive Confederate privateers. When Major Anderson surrendered Fort Sumpter 13 April, HARRIET LANE withdrew with her sister ships.
Her next important service came the following summer when a
task force was sent against Fort Clark and Fort Hatteras on the outer banks of
North Carolina to check blockade running in the area, The ships sortied from
Hampton Roads 26 August 1861 for this first important combined amphibious
operation of the war. The next morning HARRIET LANE, MONTICELLO, and PAWNEE
slipped close inshore to provide direct support to the landings
while heavier ships pounded the forts from deeper water. The last resistance was
snuffed out the following afternoon, giving a badly needed boost to morale in
the North disheartened a month before by defeat in the first battle of Bull Run.
Of greater importance was the fact that this combined operation opened the
inland waterways to Union ships and gave the North Atlantic Blockading Squadron
a base deep in Southern waters.
HARRIET LANE
ran aground while attempting to enter Pamlico Sound through Hatteras Inlet
29 August and suffered severe damage while fast on the shoal. She was refloated
at the cost of her armament, rigging, stores, provisions, and everything else on
board which could be heaved over the side to lighten ship. Temporary repairs
completed 5 September, she proceeded to Hampton Roads, arriving 8 September
1801.
HARRIET LANE sailed 10 February
1862 to join Comdr. D. D. Porter's Mortar Flotilla at Key West, where units were
assembling for an attack on Confederate forts In the Mississippi River Delta
below New Orleans. Comdr. Porter embarked at Washington. During her passage to
Hampton Roads, HARRIET LANE was taken under fire by the Confederate
battery at Shipping Point, Va., which inflicted such damage to her port wheel
that her departure for Key West was delayed another 2 days. On 24 February, she
captured the Confederate schooner JOANNA WARD off Florida.
The Mortar Flotilla sailed from Key West 6 March to begin the
operation which would deprive the Confederacy of the use of its
largest inland waterway. HARRIET LANE, as Porter's flagship, was among
the ships which engaged Forts Jackson and St. Philip, which protected New
Orleans. She helped provide the intense fire which covered Flag Officer
Farragut's daring rush past the forts on 24 April. "You supported us most
noble," wrote Farragut in praise of Porter's action. On 29 April HARRIET LANE
steamed up river to accept the surrender of upstream forts. The
success of this attack opened the way for the movement of waterborne Union
forces, now free to steam up river to join those coming south from Illinois to
form a pincer which would sever the Confederacy.
Farragut ordered the Mortar Flotilla to Ship Island 1 May, and
HARRIET LANE continued to Pensacola where she transported Brigadier
General L. G. Arnold's troops from Fort Pickins to the other side of the bay
where they occupied Forts Barrancas, and McRee, Barancas Barracks, and the Navy
Yard which had been abandoned by the Confederates. Back at Ship Island for
repairs 30 May, HARRIET LANE prepared to ascend the Mississippi with
Porter's mortar boats to engage enemy batteries on the cliffs of Vicksburg,
Mississippi while Farragut ran past this river stronghold to join Flag Officer
Davis in an effort to clear the entire Mississippi Valley of obstructions to
Union shipping. However, sufficient ground forces to take Vicksburg were not
made available, nullifying the value of his operation, and after a frustrating
encounter with new Confederate ironclad ram ARKANSAS, Farragut ran back
down past Vicksburg while HARRIET LANE and her sister vessels in the
Mortar Flotilla again covered the dash by bombarding the Confederate batteries
15 July.
As his ships required extensive repairs and most of his men were ill, Farragut ordered his ships to rendezvous at Pensacola. Following blockade duty in Mobile Bay, HARRIET LANE sailed for Galveston, Tex., which she bombarded and captured with the aid of WESTFIELD, OSASCO, CLIFTON, and HENRY JAMES, 3 October 1862. She was in Galveston Harbor when the Confederates retook that base 1 January 1863 ; and, after a bitter contest in which her captain, Comdr. J. M. Wainwright and executive officer, Lt. Comdr. Edward Lea, were killed, she fell into Southern hands. After serving the Confederate Army's Marine Department of Texas, she was sold to T. W. House, who converted her into a blockade runner named LAVINIA. She finally escaped Galveston 30 April 1864 and sailed to Havana, where she was interned. In 1867, following the war, she was recovered from Cuba ; was converted to a bark rig ; and renamed ELLIOTT RICHIE. She was abandoned off Pernambuco, Brazil, 13 May 1884.
USCGC HARRIET LANE (WSC 141)
(1926 - 1946)
The second HARRIET LANE, built in 1926, was a 125-foot patrol boat, commonly known as a "buck-and-a-quarter". The cutter was primarily designed to interdict smugglers during the Rum War (1924-34). She was homeported in Boston, Provincetown and Gloucester, MA. In 1941, the cutter was outfitted for buoy tending and conducted Atlantic escort duty during World War Two. After the war, the cutter served as air-sea rescue platform for the Fifth Coast Guard District and was home ported in Norfolk, VA. She was decommissioned in 1946, and became the merchant vessel HUMBLE AC-4 in 1949.
USCGC HARRIET LANE (WMEC 903)
(1984 - Present)
The current HARRIET LANE is the third of thirteen 270-foot
medium endurance cutters. She was commissioned in May 1984 and has
served the Coast Guard and the nation with great distinction; conducting Coast
Guard and national defense missions from Maine to South America and even into
the Pacific Northwest.
In 1994, as the Commander of Operation Able
Manner forces, she directed the rescue of thousands of Haitian and Cuban
migrants flowing across the Windward Pass and Florida Straits toward U.S.
shores. During this mass migration, HARRIET LANE's crew saved over
2,400 migrants, directed 15 cutters, an aerostat and multiple aircraft.
She has twice been a key
U.S. participant in the annual UNITAS multi-national exercise with South
American navies, in 1994 and 1997.
In 1995, HARRIET LANE conducted
a trial Alaska patrol to determine the feasibility of placing a WMEC in the
Seventeenth District.
In 1996, HARRIET LANE was the on scene
commander for much of the initial search and recovery of TWA Flight 800 off Long
Island.
In 2005, HARRIET LANE responded to the natural Disaster, Hurricane Katrina.
In 2010, HARRIET LANE responded to the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill.
Most recently, exhibiting the
Coast Guard's multi-mission nature and typical of HARRIET LANE's twenty years of
service, she stood as a maritime security sentry in Charleston Harbor for the
Operation Iraqi Freedom load-out, then moved south to the Caribbean and seized
two tons of cocaine headed for the U.S., and finally, rescued several hundred
migrants attempting to reach the U.S. in unseaworthy boats. HARRIET LANE's
ongoing missions include Search and Rescue, Maritime Safety and Security,
Counter-Drug and Migrant Operations, and regulating the United States'
Living Marine Resources.
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