Historic Light Station
Information
& Photography
ALASKA
CAPE DECISION LIGHT
Location: S. KUIU ISLAND/SUMNER STRAIT/SHAKAN BAY
Station Established: 1932
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1932
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: ROCK
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1932
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Congress appropriated $59,400 in 1929 and
construction began in September of that year. However, weather and
inadequate funds delayed the completion of the station which finally
became active in March of 1932. The total cost ended up in excess
of $150,000.
- Automated in 1974
- In 1989 fire damaged the tram, dock, boathouse,
hoist house, paint shed and helipad.
- Original 3rd order Fresnel lens was replaced in
1996 with solar powered aero beacon. The lens is on display in
Clausen Museum in Petersburg
- The station has been leased to Cape Decision
Lighthouse Society established in 1997 to refurbish the facility and
eventually open it to the public.
- Added to the National Register of Historic Places
in 2005. It is currently an active aid to navigation.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on
light name below to access image):
CAPE
DECISION LIGHTHOUSE
CAPE HINCHINBROOK LIGHT
Location: ENTRANCE TO PRINCE WILLIAM SOUND
Station Established: 1910
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1934
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE/SURFACE ROCK
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL ATTACHED TO FOG SIGNAL BD
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1910
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- The Cape Hinchinbrook Lighthouse was first
established in 1910 to mark the entrance to Prince William Sound.
Congress authorized the construction of a lighthouse at this point in
1906 appropriating $125,000 for its construction. However, the
full amount was not authorized in one lump sum. The money was
appropriated over a number of years with $25,000 in 1906, $50,000 in
1907 and the remainder in 1908. As a result construction did not
begin until 1909. Construction was slow and hampered by bad
weather. In the winter of 1909 a temporary fixed white light was
established on the second story of the building under construction.
As a result a keeper and his wife remained on site to tend the light.
Total cost was $100,323 û less than had been estimated.
- In 1912 the lighthouse tender Armeria
wrecked on the rocks off Cape Hinchinbrook. The lighthouse keepers
rescued the mariners who were delivering coal to the station.
- A more powerful fog signal (diaphone) was installed
in 1922-23 because of the amount of maritime traffic and the frequent
dense fog in the area.
- In 1931 a six-mile trail was built by the U.S.
Forest Service to link the lighthouse station and English Bay at Port
Etches.
- Earthquakes in 1927 and 1928 caused instability in
the cliff around the lighthouse. It was felt a new light should be
built on solid rock. A new tower was completed in 1934.
- Automated in 1974
- A solar powered Vega lens is now installed.
The original third order Fresnel lens is on display at the Valdez
Heritage center in Valdez, AK.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
CAPE
HINCHINBROOK LIGHTHOUSE
CAPE SAINT ELIAS LIGHT
Location: SOUTH END OF KAYAK ISLAND
Station Established: 1916
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1916
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974 (as per Mark De Loach, MK1, USCG)
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: ROCK
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE ON CORNER OF FOG SIGNAL BLDG
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1916
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Congress approved the construction of a light
station at Cape St. Elias in October of 1913, appropriating $115,000 for
the construction. Residence of Seattle objected and requested a
lightship be used instead. The request was rejected and
construction began in 1915. A third order Fresnel lens was
installed.
- Lighthouse was first established in 1916 at which
time the U.S. Signal Corps installed a wireless station at the cape.
The keepers were put in charge and could then notify people in Katalla
of approaching ships.
- In 1927 the station was equipped with radio beacon
facilities -- the second such facility in Alaska.
- Added to the National Register of Historic Places
in 1975. Ref #75002157
- Automated in 1974
- In 1998 a Solar Powered Vega optic was installed.
The original lens is in Cordova Museum in Cordova.
- A preservation group began restoration efforts in
2000 by repairing roof of keeper's quarter.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
CAPE
SAINT ELIAS LIGHTHOUSE
CAPE SARICHEF LIGHT
Location: UNIMAK PASS THRU ALEUTIAN ISLANDS
Station Established: 1904
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1950
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1979
Deactivated: 1979
Foundation Materials:
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: HEXAGONAL
Markings/Pattern: ART MODERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER 1904
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- This was the most westerly lighthouse in North
America. almost 2,100 miles farther west on the map than San Francisco.
The lighthouse first established in 1904 to mark the northern entrance
of Unimak Pass. All original bids for construction were rejected
as too expensive. Construction was completed in October of 1903
but the lantern had not yet arrived. The third order Fresnel fixed
white light was first lit on July 1, 1904 for a total cost of $80,000.
The original light was on a wood tower on an octagonal wood building 45
feet high. The light was 126 feet above the sea.
- Once noted as the most isolated station in America
sometimes mail was not received for months at a time. The station
was shut down from December 1st thru March 1st because the Bering Sea
was frozen. The civilian keepers were granted one year's leave
each four years. Although quarters were originally provided for
them, families were not permitted to live at this and Scotch Cap Light,
because of their isolation. Coast Guard personnel that served at
the light served a year at a time at this isolated location. At
the end of his year's tour each man was transferred to a new duty
station.
- In 1904 storms damaged a boat house, engine house
and derrick located on a reef near the light. All had to be
replaced.
- Following the disastrous tsunami at Scotch Cap
Light Station in 1946, Cape Sarichef light was rebuilt and then relit in
1950. The new light was a 375-millimeter electric white light of
9,000 candlepower that flashed for 25 seconds and was eclipsed for 5
seconds. The crew of the CGC Northwind "razed the old
lighthouse building by burning."
- In 1979 the station was discontinued, including the
termination of the radiobeacon, fog signal and emergency light and a
steel skeleton tower was erected adjacent to the old tower. The
new light was automated and the property was turned over to the U.S.
Fish and Wildlife Service. The light's characteristic was a
flashing white light every six seconds and had an eight mile range.
- Building was demolished by the Coast Guard in 1999.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on
light name below to access image):
CAPE
SARICHEF LIGHTHOUSE
CAPE SPENCER LIGHT
ENTRANCE TO CROSS SOUND/ICY STRAIT
Station Established: 1913
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1925
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1974
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: ROCK
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE ON CENTER OF FOG SIGNAL BLDG
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: THIRD ORDER, FRESNEL 1925
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Requests for a light at this location began as
early as 1906. In 1913 an unmanned beacon marked the entrance to
Cross Sound. A station was finally authorized and construction
began in May of 1924 and completed in December of 1925.
- In 1926 a radio beacon was installed, the first to
be established in Alaska within the boundaries of a national park.
- A post-World War II Coast Guard press release
noted: "Cape Spencer Lighthouse, Alaska, is a primary light, fog
signal, and radio-beacon station, marking the northerly entrance from
the Pacific Ocean into the inside passages of southeastern Alaska. It is
on a route much frequented by vessels seeking to avoid the often stormy
outside passage. Cape Spencer is one of the most isolated of
Alaskan lighthouses, where the keepers must go 20 miles for their mail,
and where the nearest town of any size is 150 miles away. The
station was commissioned in 1925, and is fitted with the most modern
types of signaling equipment. From the top of the tower is shown a
light of 500,000 candlepower, and in time of fog a diaphone fog
signal is sounded at regular intervals. The radiobeacon,
established in 1926, and the first radiobeacon in Alaska, is of high
power, with a range of 200 miles and more at sea. The station
buildings are of reinforced concrete construction."
- The station was automated in 1974. In
December of that year it was added to the National Register of Historic
Places. Reference Number #75002160
- Original third order Fresnel lens was replaced in
1998 with a solar powered VRB-25 Vega optic. The original lens is
in the Alaska State Museum.
- As of May 2005, the light is still an active aid to
navigation.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on
light name below to access image):
CAPE
SPENCER LIGHTHOUSE
ELDRED ROCK LIGHT
LYNN CANAL
Station Established: 1905
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1905
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1973
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: MASONRY
Construction Materials: WOOD
Tower Shape: OCTAGONAL ON FOG SIGNAL BUILDING
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1906
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- First lit in 1905 this is the oldest original
Alaskan lighthouse building and the only remaining octagonal frame
lighthouses built between 1902 and 1905. While the oldest original
lighthouse still standing, it was one of the last stations commissioned.
It is the only station not rebuilt. It was established because of
the many shipwrecks nearby especially during the 1898 gold rush, when
Lynn Canal was in heavy use. Contained a fourth order lens.
- In 1939 a radiotelephone was installed.
- The light was automated in 1973 and downgraded to a
minor light. Its characteristic was changed to a flashing white
light every 6 seconds. The station's sound signal and radio beacon
were also discontinued.
- Original lens moved to the Sheldon Museum and
Cultural Center in Port Chilkoot in 1978, replaced with solar powered
250 MM optic.
- An Eldred Rock Lighthouse Committee has been formed
that wishes to lease and restore the buildings around the tower. The
buildings have fallen into disrepair and are considered endangered.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
ELDRED
ROCK LIGHTHOUSE
FAIRWAY ISLAND LIGHT
Location: Entrance to Peril Strait
Date Built: 1904
Type of Structure: Wooden
Operational: No
Date Automated: N/A
Deactivated: Sometime between 1917 and 1925
Height: 41' above mean high water
Characteristics: Fixed white light
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- The Thirteenth Lighthouse District inspector and
engineer recommended a light be put on this site in 1900 to mark the
entrance to Peril Strait, 28 miles northeast of Sitka. The station
was built in 1904 and lit on September 1st.
- The light station was disestablished sometime
between 1917 and 1925. A system of unmanned stake lights was
established in the Peril Strait. The station itself was later
replaced by a minor light.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
None available.
FIVE FINGER ISLANDS LIGHT
FREDERICK SOUND
Station Established: 1902
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1984
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE PIER
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1902
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Light Station was established in March of 1902.
Construction began in July of 1901 and was completed for a cost of
$22,500.00. Some consider this the first manned station in Alaska
because all construction was completed before Sentinel Island Light.
Contained a fourth order Fresnel lens.
- In 1931 a third-class radio beacon was added to the
station making it the sixth station in Alaska to have such a facility.
- Original structure burned down in December 1933.
The tower was rebuilt using public works appropriations to build the
current structure made of concrete. Completed and relit in 1935.
- This was the last lighthouse in Alaska to be
automated on August 14, 1984.
- Lens replaced in 1997 with a solar powered VRB-25
VEGA.
- Transferred to Juneau Lighthouse Association in
1998. A renovation project is planned that will eventually open
the light to the public.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
1902
FIVE FINGER ISLANDS LIGHTHOUSE
1935
FIVE FINGER ISLANDS LIGHTHOUSE
GUARD ISLANDS LIGHT
TONGASS NARROWS ENTRANCE/CLARENCE STRAIT
Station Established: 1904
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1924
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1969
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE ON OIL HOUSE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1904
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Construction began in the summer of 1903 but halted
for the winter. The light was completed in lit by September 1904.
Classified as a minor light it had a fixed white fourth order lens.
This was one of only three stations in Alaska where families were
permitted to live.
- Improvements were made in 1922 when a reinforced
concrete fog-signal building replaced the bell struck every 20 seconds
by clock work machinery. The original bell tower was also improved
and heightened.
- In 1938-39 a radio telephone and a radio beacon
monitoring system were installed.
- In 1956 the radio beacon was modified for both
marine and aircraft navigation.
- Station was automated in 1969.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
1904
GUARD ISLANDS LIGHT TOWER
1924
GUARD ISLANDS LIGHT TOWER
LINCOLN ROCKS LIGHT
Location: Clarence Strait
Date Built: 1903
Type of Structure: Wooden
Operational: No
Date Automated: N/A
Deactivated: March 1968.
Height: 41' above land. 58' above water
Foghorn: Daboll trumpet
Builder: Lighthouse board laborers after contract annulled.
Foundation Material: Concrete Pier
Construction Material: Wooden Structure
Original Lens: 4th Order Fresnel
Characteristics: Fixed white light
Status: Demolished
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- The lighthouse contract was award in March of 1902,
but due to problems with weather and use of substandard materials
construction was not completed until late 1903. On December 1st
1903 the station was first lit.
- The station continued to be plagued with bad
weather when part of the landing platform was soon carried away by high
seas. The station was damaged repeatedly in November 1909 and again in
April of 1910 by severe weather. After establishing a temporary
light, the keepers evacuated Lincoln rock in December of 1910.
- In 1911 congress appropriated money to reconstruct
the lighthouse for a cost not to exceed $25,000. A manned fog
signal station was established on a small islet about 440 yards from the
lighthouse site. The construction of this new station was
completed and the station was lit on October 10, 1911.
- The light was disestablished in 1968. The
station was later demolished and only the foundation of the buildings
remain.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
LINCOLN
ROCKS LIGHTHOUSE
MARY ISLAND LIGHT
MARY ISLAND/REVILLAGIGEDO CHANNEL
Station Established: 1903
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1937
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1969
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: REINFORCED CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1903
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Congress appropriated funds for a lighthouse and
construction began in May of 1902.The light was first lit on July 15,
1903 with a fourth order Fresnel lens.
- In 1926 a new illuminating apparatus was installed
increasing the lights power.
- In 1931 a third class radio beacon was installed in
the station.
- In the late 1930 it was determined a new light
would have to be constructed. A new tower of reinforced concrete
was constructed at a cost of $54,792 and became active in 1937.
- In 1969 the light was automated and reclassified as
a minor light. The radio beacon was discontinued at the same time.
- Current lens is 250 MM optic. Date of installation
is not noted.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on
light name below to access image):
MARY
ISLAND LIGHTSTATION'S 1903 TOWER
MARY
ISLAND LIGHTSTATION'S 1937 TOWER
POINT RETREAT LIGHT
Location: ADMIRALTY ISLAND/LYNN CANAL
Station Established: 1904
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1923
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1973
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE ON FOG SIGNAL BUILDING
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO W/LANTERN
Relationship to Other Structure: INTEGRAL
Original Lens: FIRST ORDER BIVALVE, FRESNEL 1904
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Point Retreat was construction in 1904 and was
first lit on September 15th and displayed a fixed white light.
- The light was unmanned before 1917.
- Light was reestablished and upgraded in 1924 with
construction of a new light and fog signal building.
- The lantern was removed in the 1950s and a solar
powered 300 mm lens was installed on a post attached to the tower.
- In 1966 the second Keeper's quarters were
demolished to make way for a helipad.
- In 1973 the light was again unmanned and downgraded
to a minor light again.
- The lighthouse was transferred to the Alaska
Lighthouse Association in 1998. Rehabilitation of the light has
been funded in part by Save Americas Treasures grants that are
administered by the National Park Service. In 2002 all the
building were repainted. The group plans to restore the light and
open it to the public.
- In 2003 the light was added to the National
Register of Historic Places.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
LENS
LANTERN, MINOR LIGHT, POINT RETREAT LIGHTHOUSE
1923
POINT RETREAT LIGHT TOWER WITH LANTERN ROOM
1923
POINT RETREATE LIGHT TOWER WITHOUT THE LANTERN ROOM
POINT SHERMAN LIGHT
Location: 38 miles north of Juneau
Date Built: 1904
Operational: No
Date Automated: N/A
Deactivated: Reduced to minor light 1917 discontinued in 1932
Height: 42' above water
Foundation Material: concrete block
Construction Material: wooden
Tower Shape: hexagonal wooden tower
Relationship to Other Structure: separate
Characteristics: fixed white light
Status: No longer Standing
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Construction was completed in 1904 and the light
was fist lit on October 18, 1904.
- The station was reduced to a minor light before
1917.
- By 1932 the light was abandoned and replaced with a
buoy.
- In 1981 a dayboard and light were construction on
the old lighthouse.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
POINT
SHERMAN LIGHTHOUSE
SCOTCH CAP LIGHT
Name of Lighthouse: Scotch Cap Light
Date Built: Original tower built 1903
Operational: Yes
Date Automated: 1971
Height: 35' above water
Foghorn: 10" air whistle fog signal
Builder: Lighthouse Board-hired laborers
Appropriation: $76,571.00
Original Lens: Third Order
Characteristics: fixed white light
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Scotch Cap Light was built in 1903. It
consisted of a wood tower on an octagonal wood building 45 feet high and
was 90 feet above the sea. It was located on the southwest end of
Unimak Island and on the east side of the Unimak Pass into the Bering
Sea. It was the first station established on the outside coast of
Alaska. Prior to the introduction of the helicopter, access to the
stations was so difficult that it was impractical to arrange for leave
of absence in the ordinary way. Instead each keeper got one full
year off in each 4 years of service. The station was initially
equipped with a third-order fixed white light.
- The light station was witness to many ship wrecks.
In 1909, the cannery supply ship Columbia wrecked. The 194
crew members were guests of the keepers for two weeks before a relief
vessel could remove them. In 1930 a Japanese freighter Koshun
Maru beached near the light when it became lost in a snowstorm.
In 1942 a Russian freighter Turksib wrecked near the station and
the 60 survivors were at the station for several weeks because rough
seas prevented a rescue ship from reaching the station.
- In the 1920s and 1930 the light station underwent
many improvements. 1922-23, the Navy installed radio-telephones at the
station.
- In 1940 a new concrete reinforce lighthouse and
fog-signal building was erected near the site of the original
lighthouse.
- On April 1, 1946 an earthquake-generated tsunami
struck the station at 2:18 a.m. Scotch Cap Lighthouse was
completely destroyed and the entire five-man crew was killed. They
were: BMC Anthony L. Petit, MoMM 2/c Leonard Pickering, F 1/c Jack
Colvin, SN 1/c Dewey Dykstra, and SN 1/c Paul James Ness.
- A temporary unwatched light was established in
1946, consisting of a small white house exhibiting a light of 300
candlepower maintaining the former station characteristic of flashing
white every 15 seconds, flash 3 seconds, eclipse 12 seconds. A
radiobeacon was temporarily reestablished at the radio direction finder
station.
- The new permanent structure was completed in the
early part of 1950 and the temporary light and radiobeacon discontinued.
The new station consists of a 800,000 candlepower light exhibited from a
white rectangular building with flat roof, a diaphone fog signal, and a
radiobeacon.
- Light was automated in 1971
- A skeletal tower replaced the 1950s structure and
the fog signal was discontinued.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
1903
SCOTCH CAP LIGHTHOUSE
1940
SCOTCH CAP LIGHTHOUSE
1950
SCOTCH CAP LIGHTHOUSE
SENTINEL ISLAND LIGHT
Location: LYNN CANAL/AUK BAY
Station Established: 1902
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935
Operational? YES
Automated? YES 1966
Deactivated: n/a
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: WOOD FRAME/CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE TOWER ON FOG SIGNAL BUILDING
Markings/Pattern: WHITE W/RED LANTERN AND ROOF
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1902
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
Sentinel Island Light Station is a guide on an
important water passage for Alaskan transportation and commerce, and the
lighthouse is an excellent example in Alaska of Art Deco architecture.
Sentinel Island and Five Finger light stations along Southeast Alaska's
Inside Passage started operating on March 1, 1902. They were the
first American lighthouses built in Alaska. Sentinel Island Light
Station stands at the entrance to Lynn Canal, a heavily used marine
transportation corridor from near the city of Juneau north to the cities
of Haines and Skagway. The U.S. Lighthouse Bureau added a concrete
Art Deco style lighthouse building to the site in 1935 that is an
excellent example in Alaska of the popular architectural style.
Sentinel Island Light Station continues to guide recreational and
commercial vehicles through the Inside Passage today.
BACKGROUND:
The discovery of rich gold deposits in the upper
Yukon River area at the close of the nineteenth century prompted a massive
rise in the number of ships navigating Lynn Canal. The canal was
part of the Inside Passage, a safer route for ships to travel than the
open ocean route to the west through the eastern Gulf of Alaska. In the
late 1890s, watercraft of every description converged upon the Pacific
Northwest ports to sail north. Once they passed British Columbia
waters, there were few guides through the Inside Passage. Fog, rain,
strong tides, and a rocky shoreline made this passage particularly
difficult, especially for large steamers overloaded with prospectors and
freight. Over three hundred accidents in Inside Passage waters were
reported in 1898. Although Alaska's governors had been urging the
U.S. Government to install navigation aids along Alaska's coasts for over
a decade, only a few markers and buoys had been installed. In a
report to Congress dated October 13, 1900, the inspector and engineer for
the Thirteenth Lighthouse District, headquartered in the Pacific
Northwest, gave Sentinel Island highest priority. Congress
appropriated funds for two lighthouses in Alaska, one at Sentinel Island,
that year. George James, a Juneau resident, received the contract
and began construction of the Sentinel Island station in 1901.
Construction costs were $21,267. Sentinel Island Light Station started
operating on March 1, 1902, sharing the honor with Five Finger Light
Station south of Juneau, as one of the first two American-built
lighthouses operating in Alaska. In the next three years, seven other
lights would be established along the inside passage.
The original Sentinel Island lighthouse was a
wooden, square, duplex keeper's residence with hipped cross gables and an
integral light tower. A steel and glass lantern on top of the tower
housed a fourth order Fresnel lens. During the 1930s, the U.S.
Lighthouse Bureau replaced many of the wooden lighthouses in Alaska with
concrete buildings of the Art Deco architectural style; in 1935, Sentinel
was one of these lights. The Sentinel Island light and fog signal
house's rectilinear massing, flat roof, central tower, stepped elevation
plains, one over one double hung sash windows and vertical fretwork
distinguishes it as Art Deco. Its total cost was $35,310. The
original lantern was moved to the new tower and the building continued to
serve as the keeper's residence until the light was unmanned and automated
in 1966 due to inflation and technological advances. In 1971, the
U.S. Coast Guard demolished the deteriorated original residence by burning
it in accordance with recommended fire procedures issued by the Coast
Guard.
On October 24, 1918, a particularly vicious storm
hit Southeast Alaska. A fully loaded Canadian Pacific steamship, the
Princess Sophia, left Skagway at 10:10 p.m. At 2:10 a.m. the
unthinkable happened when the ship ran onto Vanderbilt Reef at cruising
speed. A fleet of rescue vessels from Juneau rushed to the site.
The Princess Sophia's captain did not think his ship was damaged
badly enough to warrant the risky evacuation of passengers as the storm
worsened. The boats sent to the rescue had to retreat to shelter,
which some found by way of the light from Sentinel Island Light Station.
The following morning, the rescue boats returned to Vanderbilt Reef and
saw only a twenty-foot section of the Princess Sophia's mast
visible above the water. None of the 353 passengers and crewmembers
survived.
Click
here to access the National Register of Historic Places nomination for
the Sentinel Island Light Station.
Photographs (click on description to view
photo):
SENTINEL
ISLAND LIGHT TOWER, CIRCA 1902
SENTINEL
ISLAND LIGHT TOWER, CIRCA 1935
TREE POINT LIGHT
Location: REVILLAGIGEDO CHANNEL
Station Established: 1903
Year Current Tower(s) First Lit: 1935
Operational? NO
Automated? YES 1969
Deactivated: 1969
Foundation Materials: CONCRETE
Construction Materials: CONCRETE
Tower Shape: SQUARE ATTACHED TO OIL HOUSE
Markings/Pattern: WHITE ART DECO
Relationship to Other Structure: ATTACHED
Original Lens: FOURTH ORDER, FRESNEL 1904
HISTORICAL INFORMATION:
- Construction of Tree Point light station was
completed in April of 1904. The station marks the entrance to
Reviliagigedo Channel.
- Two weeks after the initial lighting there was what
has been described as a "slight fire" that did some damage to
the station. Repairs were made and the station was back in
operation in a short time.
- In 1933 work began on reconstruction of the
lighthouse. The work was completed in 1935 at a cost of $47,481.
- Station was automated in 1969.
PHOTOGRAPHS (click on light name below to
access image):
1935
TREE POINT LIGHT TOWER & FOG SIGNAL BUILDING
1904
TREE POINT LIGHT TOWER, COURTESY OF THE TONGASS HISTORICAL SOCIETY, INC.
(609 DOCK STREET; KETCHIKAN, AK 99901); PHOTO WAS TAKEN IN 1926
Note:
Much of the historical information included on this
page was provided by Ms. Anne Puppa of the Chesapeake Chapter of the U.S.
Lighthouse Society and we are grateful for her efforts.